新能源影响的研究表明生物燃料最不理想

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玉米——以及纤维素——制造的生物燃料是“最糟糕的选项”/Biofuels made from corn — and cellulose — are the 'worst option'

　　对能源影响的研究表明生物燃料最不理想 　　Biofuels bottom of the heap in impact study 　　一项根据能源使用的影响为未来能源排序的研究发现生物燃料是最糟糕的选项。 　　An ambitious attempt to rank future energy sources according to myriad repercussions of their use has found biofuels to be the most undesirable option. 　　根据这项分析，使用乙醇导致了最多的气候破坏、空气污染、陆地和野生生物的破坏，以及化学废物。 　　Use of ethanol caused the most climate damage, air pollution, damage to land and wildlife, and chemical waste, according to the analysis. 　　该研究称这是“首次对已经提出的全球变暖、空气污染和能源保障的大规模解决方案的全面比较性评估”，它考虑了利用11种不同的能源为3种新技术汽车提供能量的影响。这些汽车使用电池、氢燃料电池或者乙醇燃料。 　　The study, which claims to be "the first comparative evaluation of proposed large-scale energy solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security", considered the implications of using each of 11 different energy sources to power three types of new-technology vehicles — run either on batteries, hydrogen fuel cells or ethanol fuel. 　　它权衡了它们对于全球变暖、空气和水污染以及热污染（例如电厂把冷却液中的热传递给水）。它还考虑了它们对于水资源供应、陆地使用、野生生物和资源可用性的影响。研究还考虑了对能源保障、核扩散、死亡率以及营养不良的间接影响。 　　It weighted their contributions to global warming, air and water pollution and thermal pollution (for example from discharging power station coolants into water). It also considered their effects on water supply, land use, wildlife and resource availability. Indirect effects on energy security, nuclear proliferation, mortality and under-nutrition were also included. 　　该研究发现为电池汽车提供能量的风力发电的表现最佳。这一组合在7个问题上都表现最好，“包括最重要的问题——降低死亡率和气候破坏，”该研究的作者、美国斯坦福大学的大气/能量项目的负责人Mark Jacobson说。风电为燃料电池汽车提供能量的组合稍逊于前者。 　　The analysis found that wind power, when used as a source of electricity for battery vehicles, performed best. This combination came first in seven categories, "including the most important — mortality and climate damage reduction," said Mark Jacobson, director of the Atmosphere/Energy programme at US-based Stanford University and author of the study. Wind for fuel-cell vehicles came close behind. 　　居于第二层次的是利用太阳光伏发电或聚光太阳能发电（把大片太阳光聚集成高能量的光束）以及地热、潮汐和波浪发电的电力的电池汽车。第三层次包括利用氢能源、核能、使用碳捕获和贮存技术的煤电厂提供电力的电池汽车。 　　In the second tier were battery vehicles using electricity from solar photovoltaics or concentrated solar power (which focuses a large patch of sunlight into a high-energy beam), and also from geothermal, tidal and wave sources. The third tier included battery vehicles driven by hydropower, nuclear, and coal from plants using carbon capture and storage. 　　两个液体燃料选项——玉米-E85和纤维素-E85乙醇——排在最后。 　　The two liquid fuel options — ethanol in the form of corn-E85 and cellulosic-E85 —came last. 　　但是约旦原子能委员会的燃料循环委员Ned Xoubi说：“发展中国家急需能源。能获得的可持续的、廉价的、清洁的能源的最佳选择是核能。” 　　But Ned Xoubi fuel cycle commissioner at Jordan's Atomic Energy Commission, said: "Developing countries are in dire need of energy. The best choice for a sustainable, affordable, clean, available form of energy is nuclear". 　　“它是全世界最有竞争力的能源之一，比风电成本更低，需要的土地更少。” 　　"It has been one of the most competitive energy sources all over the world, costing less than wind power and requiring less land than wind." 　　埃及开罗的国立研究中心的生物技术专家Magdi Tawfik Abdelhamid说：“没有科学理由把生物燃料放在最糟糕的能源选项的清单上。发展中国家利用海藻生产生物燃料可以被认为是一种廉价、对环境友好的能源，它不会危及粮食安全。” 　　And Magdi Tawfik Abdelhamid, biotechnologist at Cairo's National Research Centre, said: "Including biofuel in the list of the worst energy options is not scientifically justified. Producing biofuel using seaweed in developing countries could be considered as a cheap, environmentally friendly source for energy that doesn't endanger food security." 　　该研究发表在上月（12月1日）出版的《能源和环境科学》杂志上。 　　The study was published in Energy and Environmental Science last month (1 December).

[ 本帖最后由 qinsdau 于 2009-1-13 11:10 编辑 ]